Where does the heat go

The Volume of Earth’s Ocean has an effective depth of 3700 meters (the actual depth is slightly less but there is a 2% compression).

The ocean area is 361 million km². The ocean volume is 1.31 billion km³. Total land area is 149 million km².

The atmosphere is about 100 km thick. The actual mass of air above the earth per square inch is about 15 lbs (101568.6 or about 102 thousand n/m² which is what dividing mass by surface area gives you.)
Density is 1.2 to 1.2250 (1.2) kg·m⁻³ (or 1.21x10⁻⁶ kg·cm⁻³ ). Conversion to metric of psi (in this case) is 2.2/(2.54²).

Heat Capacity:
Air = 0.0013 J·cm⁻³·K⁻¹
Land = 1.0 J·cm⁻³·K⁻¹
Ocean = 4.2 J·cm⁻³·K−1

Lets commit some math.

Air volume = (15*/2.2*1.21*2.54²)/1.21x10−6 = 873405 cm³
Air heat capacity =873405 * 0.0013 = 1135.43 = 1100 J·K⁻¹
Land equivalent = 1100 cm³
Ocean equivalent = 1135.43/4.2 = 270.34 = 270 cm³.

Because all the above math is for a 1cm x 1 cm square of the earths surface:

The top 36 ft (11 m) of dirt has more heat capacity than the atmosphere above it.

The top 8.8 ft (2.7 m) of ocean has more heat capacity than all the air above it.

As a side note - if the whole atmosphere was at the sea level density - the atmosphere would end just above the top of Mt. Everest (around 27,000 ft).

Relative capacity of ocean = 3700*100(m to cm conversion)/270 = 1370. The ocean holds 1370 times the heat of the atmosphere immediately about it.

The quoted heat capacity of the ocean is said to be "about 1000 times the heat capacity of the air". If you divide the ocean capacity by the entire atmosphere that is approximately true.

This begs the following questions:
a. How long after a change in solar energy does the earth reach equilibrium?
b. Why are we measuring ocean surface and air temperatures to find out if the earth is warming or cooling?